STP

Sewage Treatment Plant

Sewage treatment removes contaminants from wastewater — primarily household sewage — producing treated water that is safer for the environment, with sludge as a by-product.

  • ✓Activated Sludge Process (ASP) — raw wastewater undergoes screening, grit removal and primary settling before aeration; sludge withdrawn from final settling is the activated sludge.
  • ✓Sequencing Batch Reactors (SBR) — a fill-and-draw reactor with five steps in one tank: fill, aeration, clarification, decant, idle.
  • ✓Membrane Bio-Reactor (MBR) — biological reactor with microfiltration membranes (0.1–0.4µm), in immersed or recirculated configurations.
  • ✓Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) — thousands of polyethylene biofilm carriers support bacterial growth for high-rate, cost-effective biodegradation.
WTP

Water Treatment Plant

Improves water quality for drinking, industrial supply, irrigation or recreation — removing contaminants so it's fit for its intended use, or safe to return to the environment.

  • ✓Micro Filtration (MF) — physical filtration through >50nm membranes; removes turbidity, suspended particles & microorganisms.
  • ✓Ultra Filtration (UF) — 2–50nm pores; clarifies and disinfects in a single step, separating finer colloids, bacteria and viruses.
  • ✓Reverse Osmosis (RO) — <2nm pores for desalination-grade separation; removes sodium, nitrates, sulphates, heavy metals and TDS.
  • ✓Softeners — remove the minerals responsible for water hardness.
SWM

Solid Waste Management

Collection, treatment and disposal of solid material that's no longer useful — preventing unsanitary conditions, pollution and disease outbreaks.

  • ✓Waste converters — self-contained systems for pasteurisation, sterilisation and dehydration of organic waste.
  • ✓Biogas systems — large digester tanks where bacteria convert organic waste into methane via anaerobic digestion, fed daily.
ETP

Effluent Treatment Plant

Purifies industrial waste effluents for reuse or safer release back to the environment.

  • ✓Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) — wastewater flows upward through a microbial sludge blanket; clarified effluent is drawn off the top.
  • ✓Upflow Anaerobic Filters (UAF) — for waste water with low organic load; microorganisms colonise the filter medium.
  • ✓Activated Sludge Process (ASP) & MBBR — also applied here for industrial effluent streams.
SWTP

Sullage Water Treatment Plant

Sullage (grey water) is wastewater from sinks, showers, baths and washing machines — without fecal contamination. Treated sullage is reused for toilet flushing, landscaping or crop irrigation.

  • ✓Activated Sludge Process (ASP)
  • ✓Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR)

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